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Natural History of Ancient Egypt
 
 
Geology and Geography
 
Research on the Archaeological Geology of Ancient Egypt
University of Toledo site, covers types of stones used in AE with photos and where they were quarried, maps of where stones were quarried together with photos, some discussions of ornamental stonework, and an article on the Turin Papyrus, which Dr. Harrell calls the world's oldest geological map.
http://www.eeescience.utoledo.edu/faculty/harrell/egypt/AGRG_Home.html
 
Geography and Geology of the Valley of the Kings
The Theban Mapping Project's concise description of the geology of the Valley of the Kings and problems tomb builders faced there. http://www.thebanmappingproject.com/articles/article_1.html
 
Unforbidden Geology: The history of Man from the often overlooked geologic perspective-"Ancient Egyptian Stoneworking Technology"
Very thorough site with discussions, charts and drawings, and photos, showing how the Ancient Egyptians worked stone both in building and in making decorative objects.  Links.  Very good and unusual site.
http://www.geocities.com/unforbidden_geology/
 
Sothic Dating Examined:  The Sothic Star Theory of the Egyptian Calendar
MA thesis, University of Sydney, 1993.
http://www.specialtyinterests.net/sothic_star.html#c1
 
Satellite Map of the Nile Delta
Has approximate locations of ancient cities marked.
http://www.specialtyinterests.net/map_nile_delta.html
 
Map From the Nile Delta to Nubia
Has most Predynastic, Old Kingdom, sites marked.
http://www.specialtyinterests.net/map_nile2nubia.html
 
Map of The 14 Twelfth Dynasty Nile Fortresses
http://www.specialtyinterests.net/map_nile_fortresses.html
 
Map of Nubia
http://www.specialtyinterests.net/map_nubia.html
 

The Sphinx

    Geology of The Great Sphinx

        There has been some considerable controversy as to the dating of the Great Sphinx, with proponents of it having been constructed as much as

        10,000 years ago presenting supposed geological proofs.

        http://www.robertschoch.net/Redating%20the%20Great%20Sphinx%20of%20Giza.htm

    Geology of The Great Sphinx (cont)

        It is generally held, however, to have been a monument of the age of Khufu, with perhaps the face of the great pharaoh himself. 

        http://www.aeraweb.org/sphinx_geo.asp .

    Geology of The Great Sphinx (cont)

        Dr. Mark Lehner, who has been working on the Giza plateau for many years, has this to say in an interview.

        http://tecfa.unige.ch/proj/memo/histo/lehner.htm .

 

Weathering Damage on Monuments in Upper Egypt- Petrographical Properties of the Gebel el-Silsila Sandstones
Aachen University.  Thorough but short scholarly article with data chart and photos, plus conclusions.

 

Wave Propagation and Sedimentation at the Pharos Site.
Technical study done for Jean-Yves Empereur. Overview of present situation, four different projections of possible sedimentation in the future.  A number of charts, maps.
 

The Faiyum

   Northern Faiyum Quarry Landscape - Map, history, geology, of two quarries on the northern edge of the Faiyum.
    A River Runs Through Egypt: Nile Flood and Civilization - Nice article detailing the history of the hydrology of the Nile and the Faiyum, and its'
        impact on Egypt, and the attempts to use canals to irrigate the Faiyum.
   Photos of Geological Areas-Faiyum - Several old slide photos of geological formations in the Faiyum area.
    New Development of Faiyum Area Sites - Good article, lots of photos of sites, discusses the Egyptian plan to open a new road to Qasr Sagha
        and Dimai, improve and do excavations at the sites.  Also discusses the geology and paleontology of the area in some detail.
 

 

Flora and Fauna

 

Odyssey of Egyptian Waterfowl
By Ishinan, "The Egyptian Chronicles", a description of Egyptian Waterfowl migration, with photo, drawings, chart of Delta area.  Also some interesting hieroglyphs spelling out names of waterfowl and their habitats.
 
Ancient Egyptian Diet: Meat and Fish
Short article with some links and tomb drawings, overview of meat and fish in the Egyptian diet.
 
Ancient Egyptian Herbal Secrets
Attractive site, music, has brief data and history on use of some herbs in Ancient Egypt.
 
Nile Perch
Wikipedia article, discusses the history and modern uses of this fish, the Oreochromis niloticus, known since ancient Egypt.
 
Beni Hasan Spotted Dog - Drawing of spotted dog, believed to be "Canaan Dog", from AKC site.  History of breed also.
 
Animal Cults in Egyptian Religion
Summaries of papers from a 2002 workshop in Berlin.  Quite interesting. Articles available as PDF.
 
Animal Mummification
Very good BBC online article coverin the hows and whys of animal mummification.
 
Egyptian Cobra
Short article about the Egyptian Cobra.  Interesting.
 
Cows, Oxen and Bulls in the Ancient Egypt
Nice article, covers historic zoology of these animals in the area, their involvement with daily life, the divine roles of bulls and cows, and their cults, a bit of hieroglyphs, and the main cattle gods of Egypt.  Good bibliography, photos.
 
Pigs in Ancient Egypt
Brief article, covers history of the domestication of the pig, its' uses, and its' mythology.  Good bibliography.